sissano lagoon tsunami
(abstr.). 1), the arrival of the waves was recorded by several observers independently at 09.14 or 09:15 UT (7.14 or 7.15 pm), 2-3 minutes after the aftershocks. A tsunami sourced offshore of the Sissano Lagoon and propagating southward would refract around the shallow water area off the sand spit. The tsunami simulation was repeated using the same tsunami source conditions but with the newly obtained bathymetric data (Fig. They found that wave heights reached 10-15 m in the area of maximum devastation (DE in Fig. 9). Because of the low profile of the program initially there were difficulties arranging transport in the field and time was wasted. This may have been bioluminescence, as suggested by Kawata, Benson et al. People in the waves were vigorously tumbled and turned in water that was laden with sand and debris. 1) and the epicenters of the aftershocks lay along a line east from the main shock, the first due north of Sissano-Warapu and the second due north of Malol (Hurukawa et al., this volume).
Marine Geology 175: 1-23.Taylor, R P, Emonson, D L, and Schlimmer J E (1998): Operation Shaddock - the Australian Defense Force response to the tsunami disaster in Papua New Guinea. 4) and possibly beyond), then returned to the west. The mission station and the adjacent villages , 200-300 m from the beach, were not damaged; this included Tainyapin village, which is on a low-lying island in the lagoon. More than 1600 people are known to have died, with some estimates as high as 2200; 1000 were seriously injured, and 10,000 survivors were displaced.
A maximum wave height of 4 m indicates a tsunami magnitude of 2, rather than magnitude 3 for a wave height of 10-15 m (Imamura-Iida scale of tsunami magnitude; Iida, 1958, cited by Shuto, 1999). These sources provided new information on the height, shape and timing of the waves; on the possible escape of petroleum and other gases from beneath the sea floor before and during the tsunami; on unusual sound effects that preceded the waves, and lighting effects that followed; on possible deep circulation (to 250 m) of sea water in the waves. The tsunami was seen by observers as an initial lowering of sea level followed by three large waves. The scale of the tsunami from Sanriku earthquake, although devastating, was commensurate with the earthquake magnitude.Both Japan and PNG are sited along plate boundaries, termed convergent margins, where earthquakes are quite common.
Accordingly we mounted a public information program, on a small scale, starting 13 August 1998, and continuing today. Entire villages were destroyed almost without trace, and survivors were carried inland into lagoons, mangrove and sago swamp, and forest (Fig. This was seen not only at the area of most destruction (DE in Fig. Field surveys conducted immediately after the event also found that the distribution of the tsunami elevations along the coast had the highest wave heights focused on the low-lying Sissano Lagoon.After the PNG event and as the results of the first field surveys were circulated, there was much discussion in science circles on why the tsunami was so elevated in relation to the earthquake magnitude.
Towards the periphery, in sectors AB and GH, wave heights were lower and only structures close to the water's edge were damaged.Three waves, about 2 m high, caused minor damage at towns and villages along the coast to the west-northwest for a distance of 250 km (Joku, this volume) and smaller waves were recorded 170 km to the east-southeast at Wewak, and 500 km to the east-northeast at Bipi Island, Manus Province.
Ai 9 in Synolakis et al., 2002, reproduced as Fig. 1). Geophysical Journal International 122:961-981Ripper, I.D., Letz, H., and Moihoi, M. (1999): Felt effects of the 17 July 1998 Sissano Lagoon tsunami earthquakes. The sea floor at this possible source area has not been mapped.An escape of gas may have accompanied or even initiated the tsunami.
We too saw no proof of subsidence on several visits in August and September 1998. Keith takes a ‘whisper ballot’ from a voter at PNG’s first democratic election, February 1964
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