poland lithuania 1939
The reunion with Germany was welcomed by the majority of the population, both by Germans and by Memellanders. The 1st Division ordered their tankettes and anti-tank artillery to their positions around Fabjaniszki in order to halt the Russian advance and attack south of the bridge, located south to the Śnipiszki outskirts. The military commander of the city, colonel Jarosław Okulicz-Kozaryn, decided that in case of attack by German or Soviet forces, he has insufficient forces for successful defence, and thus his task can be only to allow civilians to evacuate to neutral Lithuania (this was also supposed, albeit not very clearly, by general Józef Olszyna-Wilczyński, commander of the 3rd military district Wilno was in). On March 13, the Polish government issued a threatening statement accusing Lithuania of provocation. A period of 24 hours was set for a response; at the end of which Poland would declare war if Lithuania did not renew diplomatic relations. The news of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact came as a shock to the Lithuanians and the rest of the world. Podpułkownik (Lt. Col.) Podwysocki was dispatched to inform the Lithuanians that Polish forces did not intend to defend Wilno against the Lithuanians, and that they would rather capitulate to Lithuanians than Russians, but was shot at and retreated behind the Polish lines. The day was marked by military parades through the streets of Vilnius and Kaunas.
At the same time, shots were fired between Lithuanian soldiers and unidentified men at Klėriškės. They encountered Russian tanks and were forced to fall back with heavy casualties. The United Kingdom and France, as after the revolt of 1923, did not actively protect the autonomy of the territory. Several Jewish organizations and Jewish communities along the way provided funds and other help. President Antanas Smetona presided. Concerns over the possible existence of secret protocols were first expressed by the intelligence organizations of the Baltic States scant days after the pact was signed, and speculation grew stronger when Soviet negotiators referred to its content during negotiations for military bases in those countries. He informed his superior officer, Vaitkus, who in turn instructed Lukoševičius to investigate the matter.
Subsequently Lithuanians supported by German tanks continued to push into the city, and increasingly surrounding the city. The peace treaty caused renewed fighting to break out between Poland and Lithuania. The news had reached Germany as well, and Ribbentrop sent later that morning a telegram showing sympathy for the Lithuanian soldiers killed in what he called a "Polish provocation". At 0300 hours the soldiers heard something approaching the border station, and the rest of the soldiers and the border police was alerted. Lithuania had no significant navy, consisting only of the minelayer "Prezidentas Smetona", which was built in Germany during the First World War. Following a succession of conservative governments, Lithuania's first elected government of the left was overthrown in a military coup d'état on December 17, 1926 (1926-ųjų perversmas) and was largely organized by the military. 126 civilians were killed due to Russian air attacks and collateral damage, mainly during the fighting in Trakai and Wilno. Gradually, Poles came to outnumber Lithuanians. However, the political situation in Lithuania was also deteriorating. On the Lithuanian side, responsibility for guarding the border was divided up into regions by the authorities. Several Jewish organizations and Jewish communit… In addition there was a 19th Squadron which acted as a remount centre for the Cavalry Brigade. However, apart from minimal official traffic that had been agreed to by the respective governments, there were few breaches of the line. The Polish casualties are controversial, and no clear number of dead can be presented. After this, all advance in hostile areas was discontinued and series of diplomatic exchanges was met, with Stalin finally caving in for Hitler and Antanas’ pressure, giving the rights to Wilno back to Lithuanians, but in the meantime the Russians already prepared the first assault on the city, which failed mainly due the lack if infantry support and the defender’s use of gasoline bombs as the assault was rushed to conquer the city before the Lithuanians could.
This situation was to change with lightning speed.
On the streets of Kaunas and other large Lithuanian cities large crowds were gathering, protesting the so-called Polish "provocation" and urging the army to march on Vilnius.
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